What Percentage of People Believe Abortion Fo Fetus 16 Weeks or Under Is Killing a Baby

The debate over whether abortion should be a legal option continues to carve up Americans long afterwards the US Supreme Court's 7-two decision on Roe 5. Wade declared the procedure a primal right on Jan. 22, 1973.

Proponents, identifying themselves equally pro-choice, contend that choosing abortion is a woman's right that should not be express by governmental or religious authority, and which outweighs whatsoever right claimed for an embryo or fetus. They say that meaning women will resort to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal pick.

Opponents, identifying themselves as pro-life, debate that private man life begins at fertilization, and therefore abortion is the immoral killing of an innocent human existence. They say abortion inflicts suffering on the unborn child, and that it is unfair to allow abortion when couples who cannot biologically conceive are waiting to adopt. Read more groundwork…

Pro & Con Arguments

Pro one

The US Supreme Court has declared ballgame to be a central correct guaranteed by the US Constitution.

The landmark abortion example Roe v. Wade, decided on January. 22, 1973 in favor of abortion rights, remains the police force of the state. The 7-ii decision stated that the Constitution gives "a guarantee of certain areas or zones of privacy," and that "This right of privacy… is wide enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy." [49]

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Pro 2

Reproductive choice empowers women by giving them command over their own bodies.

The option over when and whether to have children is cardinal to a adult female'southward independence and ability to determine her future. [134] One-time Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote in the 1992 decision in Planned Parenthood 5. Casey, "The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the Nation has been facilitated past their ability to command their reproductive lives." [viii] Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote in her dissenting stance in Gonzales five. Carhart (2007) that undue restrictions on abortion borrow upon "a woman'due south autonomy to determine her life's course, and thus to enjoy equal citizenship stature." [59] CNN senior legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, JD, stated that Roe five. Wade was "a landmark of what is, in the truest sense, women'due south liberation." [113]

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Pro 3

Personhood begins after a fetus becomes "viable" (able to survive outside the womb) or after nativity, non at conception.

[31] [32] Embryos and fetuses are not independent, self-determining beings, and abortion is the termination of a pregnancy, not a babe. A person's age is calculated from nativity date, not formulation, and fetuses are non counted in the US Census. The bulk opinion in Roe v. Wade states that "the word 'person,' every bit used in the Fourteenth Subpoena [of the US Constitution], does not include the unborn." [49]

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Pro iv

Fetuses are incapable of feeling hurting when most abortions are performed.

Co-ordinate to a review by U.k.'south Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, "nearly neuroscientists believe that the cortex is necessary for pain perception." The cortex does not become functional until at least the 26th week of a fetus' evolution, long after nearly abortions are performed. This finding was endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, [1] which stated that that at that place is "no legitimate scientific data that supports the statement that a fetus experiences pain." [142] A University of California at San Francisco report said fetuses probably can't feel pain until the 29th or 30th week of gestation. [166] Abortions that late into a pregnancy are extremely rare and are often restricted by state laws. [164] According to Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (Britain), "fetuses cannot be held to experience pain. Not only has the biological development not yet occurred to support pain experience, but the environment after birth, so necessary to the development of pain feel, is also nonetheless to occur." [10] The "flinching" and other reactions seen in fetuses when they notice pain stimuli are mere reflexes, not an indication that the fetus is perceiving or "feeling" anything. [135] [145]

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Pro 5

Access to legal, professionally-performed abortions reduces maternal injury and expiry caused by unsafe, illegal abortions.

Co-ordinate to Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., Doctor, Chair of the Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, earlier abortion was legalized women would often attempt to induce abortions by using coat hangers, knitting needles, or radiator flush, or by going to dangerous "dorsum-alley" abortionists. [150] In 1972, there were 39 maternal deaths from illegal abortions. By 1976, subsequently Roe v. Wade had legalized abortion nationwide, this number dropped to two. [vii] The World Health System estimated that unsafe abortions cause 68,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year, many of those in developing countries where prophylactic and legal abortion services are difficult to access. [eleven]

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Pro vi

Modern abortion procedures are safety and exercise not crusade lasting health issues such as cancer and infertility.

A peer-reviewed report published by Obstetrics & Gynecology reported that less than one quarter of one percentage of abortions lead to major health complications. [159] [160] A study in Obstetrics & Gynecology found a adult female's risk of dying from having an ballgame is 0.6 in 100,000, while the risk of dying from giving birth is around 14 times higher (8.viii in 100,000). The study also constitute that "pregnancy-related complications were more common with childbirth than with abortion." [3] The American Medical Clan and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated "Ballgame is i of the safest medical procedures performed in the United States." They as well said the mortality rate of a colonoscopy is more than 40 times greater than that of an abortion. [122] The National Cancer Institute (NCI), the American Cancer Guild (ACS), and the American Higher of Obstetricians and Gynecologists all refuted the merits that abortion can lead to a higher probability of developing breast cancer. [22] A fertility investigation of 10,767 women by the Joint Royal College of General Practitioners and the Purple College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists found that women who had at least two abortions experienced the same future fertility as those who had at least two natural pregnancies. [14]

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Pro 7

Women who receive abortions are less likely to suffer mental wellness bug than women denied abortions.

A peer-reviewed study comparing the mental health of women who received abortions to women denied abortions found that women who were denied abortions "felt more regret and acrimony" and "less relief and happiness" than women who had abortions. The aforementioned study also constitute that 95% of women who received abortions "felt information technology was the correct decision" a calendar week after the procedure. [158] Studies by the American Psychological Association (APA), the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (AMRC), and researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Schoolhouse of Public Health all concluded that purported links between abortion and mental health problems are unfounded. [152]

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Pro 8

Abortion gives pregnant women the option to cull not to bring fetuses with profound abnormalities to full term.

Some fetuses have such severe disorders that death is guaranteed before or before long after birth. These include anencephaly, in which the brain is missing, and limb-body wall complex, in which organs develop exterior the body cavity. [12] It would exist brutal to force women to conduct fetuses with fatal built defects to term. Fifty-fifty in the instance of nonfatal conditions, such every bit Down syndrome, parents may be unable to intendance for a severely disabled child. Deborah Anne Driscoll, Dr., Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania, said "many couples… don't have the resources, don't have the emotional stamina, don't have the family back up [to enhance a child with Downwardly syndrome]." [9]

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Pro 9

Women who are denied abortions are more likely to go unemployed, to be on public welfare, to be below the poverty line, and to become victims of domestic violence.

A University of California at San Francisco study found that women who were turned away from ballgame clinics (because they had passed the gestational limit imposed past the clinic) were three times more likely to be below the poverty level two years subsequently than women who were able to obtain abortions. 76% of the "turnaways" ended upward on unemployment benefits, compared with 44% of the women who had abortions. The same report found that women unable to obtain abortions were more than likely to stay in a human relationship with an abusive partner than women who had an abortion, and were more than than twice equally likely to go victims of domestic violence. [114] [73]

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Pro ten

Reproductive choice protects women from financial disadvantage.

Many women who cull abortion don't have the financial resource to back up a child. 42% of women having abortions are below the federal poverty level. [13] A survey in the peer-reviewed Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health asking women why they had an abortion constitute that 73% of respondents said they could not beget to have a babe, and 38% said giving nativity would interfere with their education and career goals. [19] A University of Massachusetts at Amherst study published in the peer-reviewed American Sociological Review found that women at all income levels earn less when they have children, with low-wage workers being most afflicted, suffering a 15% earnings penalty. [136]

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Pro xi

A babe should non come into the world unwanted.

Having a child is an important conclusion that requires consideration, training, and planning. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Surround stated that unintended pregnancies are associated with nativity defects, low nativity weight, maternal depression, increased risk of child corruption, lower educational attainment, delayed entry into prenatal care, a loftier risk of physical violence during pregnancy, and reduced rates of breastfeeding. [75] 45% of all pregnancies amongst American women are unintended. [176]

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Pro 12

Abortion reduces welfare costs to taxpayers.

The Congressional Upkeep Office (CBO), a nonpartisan federal bureau, evaluated a proposed anti-abortion bill that would ban all abortions nationwide after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and found that the resulting boosted births would increment the federal arrears past $225 million over nine years, due to the increased need for Medicaid coverage. Too, since many women seeking tardily-term abortions are economically disadvantaged, their children are probable to crave welfare assistance. [129] [130]

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Pro 13

Abortion reduces criminal offense.

According to a study co-written by Freakonomics co-author Steven D. Levitt, PhD, and published in the peer-reviewed Quarterly Journal of Economics, "legalized abortion has contributed significantly to recent crime reductions." Around xviii years after abortion was legalized, crime rates began to drop abruptly, and crime rates dropped earlier in states that allowed abortion earlier. Because "women who take abortions are those nearly at take chances to give birth to children who would appoint in criminal activity," and women who had control over the timing of childbearing were more than probable to raise children in optimal environments, crime is reduced when in that location is access to legal abortion. [twenty]

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Pro 14

Abortion is justified as a ways of population command.

Philosopher Peter Singer, MA, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, defended abortion as a way to curb overpopulation. [137] The United Nations estimated that the globe'southward population will increase to ix.3 billion by 2050, which would be "the equivalent of adding some other Republic of india and China to the globe," according to the Los Angeles Times. [131] Malnutrition, starvation, poverty, lack of medical and educational services, pollution, underdevelopment, and conflict over resource are all consequences of overpopulation. [21] With 55.nine million abortions performed worldwide each year, [202], the population increment if abortion were unavailable could be substantial. [132]

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Pro 15

Many religious organizations and people of faith back up women's reproductive selection.

Although many religious groups oppose ballgame, the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church, and the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations are all officially pro-choice. [139] [140] [141] The Bible, despite interpretations to the contrary, contains no explicit condemnation of abortion, and does not portray the killing of a fetus as equivalent to the killing of a homo being. In Exodus 21:22-25, the crime of causing a woman to expel is treated as a property crime, whereas killing the woman is considered murder and is punished with the capital punishment. [33] While the Cosmic and Lutheran churches oppose abortion, more of their members believe abortion should be legal in all or nearly cases versus illegal in all or almost cases (51% vs. 45%, Lutheran; 48% vs. 45%, Catholic). [151] Joe Biden, 47th The states Vice President, stated that "I take my [Catholic] church's position on abortion… Only I reject to impose it on equally devout Christians and Muslims and Jews, and I just decline to impose that on others… I do not believe that we accept a correct to tell other people that — women they can't command their torso." [138]

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Con ane

Abortion is murder.

The killing of an innocent human being is wrong, even if that human existence has yet to be born. Unborn babies are considered man beings by the US government. The federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which was enacted "to protect unborn children from assault and murder," states that under federal law, anybody intentionally killing or attempting to kill an unborn child should "be punished… for intentionally killing or attempting to kill a man." The human activity likewise states that an unborn child is a "fellow member of the species man sapiens." [126] At least 38 states have passed similar fetal homicide laws. [127]

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Con 2

Life begins at formulation, so unborn babies are human beings with a correct to life.

Upon fertilization, a human private is created with a unique genetic identity that remains unchanged throughout his or her life. This individual has a fundamental right to life, which must be protected. Jerome Lejeune, the French geneticist who discovered the chromosome abnormality that causes Down syndrome, stated that "To accept the fact that subsequently fertilization has taken place a new human being has come into being is no longer a affair of gustation or opinion… The human nature of the homo being from conception to erstwhile age is not a metaphysical contention, it is plain experimental show." [15] [16]

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Con 3

Fetuses feel pain during the abortion procedure.

Maureen Condic, PhD, Associate Professor of Neurobiology and Beefcake and Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Utah School of Medicine, explains that the "most primitive response to pain, the spinal reflex," is adult by eight weeks gestation, and adds that "In that location is universal agreement that pain is detected by the fetus in the showtime trimester." [18] According to Kanwaljeet J. Due south. Anand, MBBS, DPhil, Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Neurobiology at the Academy of Tennessee Wellness Science Center, "If the fetus is beyond 20 weeks of gestation, I would presume that there volition exist pain caused to the fetus. And I believe it will be severe and excruciating pain." [24] Bernard Due north. Nathanson, Md, the late abortion doctor who renounced his before work and became a pro-life activist, stated that when an abortion is performed on a 12-week-old fetus, "Nosotros see [in an ultrasound prototype] the kid's oral fissure open in a silent scream… This is the silent scream of a child threatened imminently with extinction." [145]

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Con 4

Abortion is the killing of a homo, which defies the discussion of God.

The Bible does not draw a distinction betwixt fetuses and babies: the Greek word brephos is used in the Bible to refer to both an unborn child and an baby. [30] By the fourth dimension a baby is conceived, he or she is recognized by God, as demonstrated in Jeremiah 1:5: "Earlier I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee." [133] The Sixth Commandment of the Bible's Quondam Testament, "Thou shalt not kill" (Exodus xx:thirteen), applies to all human beings, including unborn babies. [23] In the Hindu religion, the holy text Kaushitaki Upanishad states that ballgame is an equivalent misdeed to killing one's own parents. [148] The BBC states that "Traditional Buddhism rejects abortion because it involves the deliberate destroying of a life." [149]

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Con v

The conclusion in Roe 5. Wade was wrong and should be overturned.

U.s. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia stated that the right to privacy defended in Roe v. Wade is "utterly idiotic" and should not be considered bounden precedent: "In that location is no correct to privacy [in the U.s. Constitution]." [153] [154] In his dissenting opinion in Roe 5. Wade, Justice William H. Rehnquist stated that an abortion "is not 'private' in the ordinary usage of that give-and-take. Nor is the 'privacy' that the Courtroom finds here even a distant relative of the liberty from searches and seizures protected by the 4th Amendment to the Constitution…" [49] Furthermore, the 14th Amendment bars states from depriving "any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." [155] The Supreme Court overreached in Roe v. Wade when it excluded unborn children from the class of "persons." [156] [157]

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Con half-dozen

Abortions cause psychological impairment.

A peer-reviewed study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health found that "Immature developed women who undergo… abortion may be at increased risk for subsequent depression." [44] A peer-reviewed study published in BMC Medicine found that women who underwent an abortion had "significantly higher" anxiety scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale upwardly to five years subsequently the pregnancy termination. [69] A peer-reviewed written report published past the Southern Medical Journal of more 173,000 American women found that women who aborted were 154% more than probable to commit suicide than women who carried to term. [26] A study published in the British Medical Journal reported that the mean annual suicide charge per unit amongst women who had an abortion was 34.7 per 100,000, compared with a mean charge per unit of xi.3 per 100,000 in the general population of women. [45] A Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology study of men whose partners had abortions found that 51.half-dozen% of the men reported regret, 45.2% felt sadness, and 25.viii% experienced depression. [27]

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Con 7

Abortions reduce the number of adoptable babies.

Instead of having the pick to arrest, women should requite their unwanted babies to people who cannot conceive. The percentage of infants given upwards for adoption in the United States declined from 9% of those born before 1973 to 0.5% of those born in 2014. [53] [203] As a effect of the lack of women putting their children up for adoption, the number of US babe adoptions dropped from about xc,000 in 1971 to xviii,329 in 2014. [46] [203] Around two.half dozen million Americans are seeking to adopt children. [76]

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Con eight

Selective abortion based on genetic abnormalities (eugenic termination) is overt bigotry.

Concrete limitations don't brand those with disabilities less than human. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [54] provides civil rights protection to people born with disabilities so they can lead fulfilling lives. The National Down's syndrome Society states that "people with Down's syndrome alive at home with their families and are active participants in the educational, vocational, social, and recreational activities of the community. People with Down syndrome are valued members of their families and their communities, contributing to society in a variety of ways." [66] The increment in abortions of babies with Down's syndrome (over 80% of women choose to arrest Down syndrome babies [lxx]) reduced the Down syndrome population by fifteen% between 1989 and 2005. [67]

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Con 9

Women should not be able to use abortion equally a class of contraception.

It is immoral to kill an unborn kid for convenience. [116] The Guttmacher Constitute reported that 45% of all women having abortions every year have had at to the lowest degree one previous abortion, [190] while viii.six% of abortions reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014 were undergone by women who had three or more previous abortions. [176] This suggests that many women are using abortion equally a contraceptive method. [78] Freakonomics co-author Steven Levitt, PhD, wrote that after abortion was legalized, "Conceptions rose by nearly 30 percentage, merely births actually savage by vi percent, indicating that many women were using abortion as a method of birth control, a crude and drastic sort of insurance policy." [38]

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Con ten

If women go meaning, they should accept the responsibility that comes with producing a child.

People need to have responsibleness for their actions and accept the consequences. Having sexual intercourse, fifty-fifty when contraceptive methods are used, carries with it the risk of a pregnancy. [128] The unborn baby should not be punished for a mistake made past adults. If women are unprepared to care for their children, they should at least put them up for adoption.

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Con xi

The original text of the Hippocratic Oath, traditionally taken by doctors when swearing to practise medicine ethically, forbids ballgame.

One department of the classical version of the oath reads: "I will non give a woman a pessary [a device inserted into the vagina] to crusade an abortion." The modernistic version of the Hippocratic Oath, written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, still effectively forbids doctors from performing abortions in the line, "To a higher place all, I must not play at God." [25]

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Con 12

Abortion promotes a civilization in which human being life is disposable.

The legalization of abortion sends a bulletin that human being life has piffling value. [144] Pope Francis condemned "'the throwaway civilisation'" in Jan. 2014, stating that "what is thrown away is not but food and disposable objects, but oftentimes man beings themselves, who are discarded as 'unnecessary'. For case, it is frightful fifty-fifty to recall at that place are children, victims of abortion, who volition never run across the light of 24-hour interval." [143] House Representative Randy Hultgren (R-IL) wrote in Jan. 2014 that "When we tell i another that ballgame is okay, nosotros reinforce the idea that man lives are dispensable, that we tin throw abroad anything or anyone that inconveniences usa." [36]

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Con 13

Allowing ballgame conflicts with the unalienable right to life recognized by the Founding Fathers of the United States.

The Announcement of Independence states that "[A]ll men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with sure unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." [51] Abortion takes abroad from the unborn the unalienable right to life that the Founding Fathers intended for all human beings. [115]

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Con 14

Abortion unduly affects African American babies.

In the United States, black women are 3.3 times as likely every bit white women to have an abortion, according to the Guttmacher Institute. [68] In New York City in 2015, more black babies were aborted (23,720) than had alive births (23,116). [204] [205]

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Con fifteen

Abortion eliminates the potential societal contributions of a future human being.

Co-ordinate to Heisman Trophy-winning football player Tim Tebow, "the reason I'm here" is because his female parent ignored the communication of doctors who recommended an ballgame. [117] It has also been reported that the mothers of entertainers Celine Dion, Cher, and Justin Bieber were either advised to have abortions or were considering the procedure, but chose to give nascency to their babies instead. [118] [120] [119]

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Con 16

Abortion may pb to future medical problems for the mother.

A study published by the peer-reviewed International Periodical of Epidemiology estimated that about 15% of commencement-trimester miscarriages are attributed to a prior history of induced abortion, and stated that "Induced abortion past vacuum aspiration is associated with an increased adventure of first-trimester miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy." [34] A Chinese study published in the peer-reviewed Indian Journal of Cancer found an clan between breast cancer and a history of abortions [71]. A study published in the peer-reviewed Cancer Causes and Command establish that abortion "is significantly associated with an increased gamble of breast cancer" and that "the run a risk of chest cancer increases every bit the number of [abortions] increases." [72]

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Did You Know?
1. From Roe v. Wade in 1973 through 2017, over lx million legal abortions are estimated to take been performed in the United States – an average of virtually i.iv million abortions per yr. [189] Most one in four United states women will accept an ballgame earlier age 45. [190]
2. Although the Catholic and Lutheran churches oppose abortion, more of their members believe ballgame should be legal in all or almost cases versus illegal in all or near cases (51% vs. 45%, Lutheran; 48% vs. 45%, Catholic). [151]
3. A woman'southward adventure of dying from having an ballgame is 0.6 in 100,000, while the risk of dying from giving birth is effectually 14 times higher (8.8 in 100,000). [3] The mortality charge per unit of a colonoscopy is more than 40 times greater than that of an ballgame. [122]
iv. eight.six% of abortions reported to the Centers for Illness Control and Prevention in 2014 were undergone past women who had three or more previous abortions; 45% of abortions were undergone past women who had one or more previous abortions. [176]
5. 39% of U.s. women live in counties that do non provide abortion services. [191] Vii states (KY, MO, MS, ND, SD, WV, WY) accept only 1 clinic left. [194]

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